Discuss the Impact of Social Media During the Arab Spring - Free Essay Example

1. Introduction The Arab Spring is a revolutionary movement in North Africa and the Middle East, which began in December 2010 with the Tunisian Revolution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" before spreading to other Arab countries, such as Egypt, Syria, and Libya, amongst others. While the Arab Spring was not predicted by political commentators and the media, in retrospect, there are a number of reasons with regard to why it occurred, such as longstanding oppressive regimes and difficult economic conditions. However, despite all of this, the catalyst for the Arab Spring came from a twenty-something fruit vendor in Tunisia who, frustrated and angry about the treatment he was receiving from local officials, set himself on fire in protest à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and subsequently died (Haas Lesch, 2013). In years gone by, such an event might have been largely covered up by an autocratic regime that was able to control the mass media à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but nowadays, in the age of the Internet and social media, such a task is more difficult. Indeed, Adi (2014) has suggested that the use of social media platforms (such as Facebook and Twitter) did play an integral part in the Arab Spring uprisings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but reiterates that social media was used as a tool to gather increasing support for the cause, rather than being the catalyst in itself. Therefore, this paper shall discuss the impact of social media during the Arab Spring, and try to ascertain the extent to which it facilitated the gr owth of the movement. 2. Social Media and the Arab Spring To begin with, Howard Hussain (2013)state that: Social protests in the Arab world have spread across North Africa and the Middle East, largely because digital media allowed communities to realize that they shared grievances and because they nurtured transportable strategies for mobilizing against directors (p. 3). Moreover, Howard Hussain (2013)go on to unequivocally state that the Internet, mobiles phones, and social networking have transformed politics in North Africa and the Middle East. Indeed, in light of the Arab Spring movement that began in late 2010, it would be difficult to argue against such a notion. Furthermore, Bebawi Bossio (2014) also point out that the mass media has labelled the Arab Spring as a social media revolution, with citizen journalism and social media reporting helping to sustain the wave of protests in North Africa and the Middle East from 2010. Thus, there are two ways in which social media has been used during the Arab Spring, these being: (1) by helping to coordinate protests on a mass scale, and (2) by reporting on the events without any media bias. This then, is something that was also used to great effect during the 2011 riots in England, when social media was used to coordinate riots in various English cities (Briggs, 2011) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and it is perhaps no coincidence that these riots coincided with the Arab Spring movement and the successful use of social media in North Africa and the Middle East at that time. However, in oppressive regimes in North Africa and the Middle East, unlike in the UK, such technologies are a revelation in communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" as these are countries that have traditionally had their media manipulated by despotic rulers and regimes, and have been subjected to extreme censorship and manipulation. Gismondi (2014) notes that a study in Washington found that social media helped to shape and lead the debate with regard to the politics of the Arab Spring, and that young and educated people tended to lead this discourse, with women also being highly involved with social media participation (and the riots and protests themselves). For example, Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali discovered the power of social media when revolutionaries posted a video of him and his wife using a government-funded jet to travel to Europe on lavish shopping trips à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" something that angered locals, who were struggling with economic conditions; and ultimately contributed to his downfall. Moreover, the Washington study cited by Gismondi (2014) also found that social media was instrumental in sharing democratic ideas internationally, and this no doubt also helped to fuel the Arab Spring, and to make people in the region dream of living in a free and democratic society. In addition, Khondker (2011) also notes that social media played a vital role in the Arab Spring in the absence of an open media and civil society. Indeed, in Syria, for example, the regi me there is notorious for controlling the mass media à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and remains a very dangerous place for journalists to ply their trade; with there being very few press freedoms, and with Internet activity also being monitored by the government, and being highly censored. However, it is very difficult to monitor and control all Internet activity, and in this respect, social media likely played a vital role in the uprisings there too. Therefore, as a result of the threat that social media now poses to autocratic regimes, places such as the United Arab Emirates now have laws in place that have the power to punish people if they discuss or post photos of other people (which of course includes politicians or people in positions of power), which is causing some concern amongst human rights groups (Tovey, 2015). Thus, while food shortages as a result of the 2008 global economic crisis, global warming, and poverty may all have been factors that led to the mass uprising in the regi on, it could be said that it was social media that help to sustain this discontent, and this is something that autocratic leaders are now well aware of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and as in the UAE, are attempting to mitigate through laws that prohibit people from disseminating information about other people without their consent. However, ironically, it is such violations of human rights and individual liberties that are perhaps causing discontent in the first place à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and the flexing of such political muscles might only serve to further distance the people from the regime that they are being oppressed by. Indeed, Beaumont (2011) has noted that due to the volume of people now using the Internet and social media in North Africa and the Middle East, that blocking such activity might actually cause more problems, and even more discontent. Moreover, it is also highlighted how social media was crucial in covering the initial news of the man who set himself on fire in Tunisia (whi ch could be seen as the catalyst for the whole Arab Spring movement), as a similar event had taken place three month before, but nobody really knew about it because it had not been filmed and posted on social media. As a result of this, in Egypt, the government even went as far as pulling the plug on Internet services and 3G networks so that the public could not organise protests and riots. However, this was responded to with the analogue equivalent of Twitter: via handheld signs that were held aloft at demonstrations, which contained information about the next protest (Beaumont, 2011). Perhaps then, the power of social media comes from its unedited and uncensored format, which allows people to get closer to the truth than traditional media in the region has allowed. Moreover, it is also a tool that allows people to organise, to quickly gather support for a cause, to disseminate information, and to galvanise people into action before momentum is lost. In addition, Wolfsfel, Segev Sheafer (2013) note that the role of social media in collective action cannot be understood without first examining the political environment in which it operates, and that a significant increase in the use of new media is much more likely to follow a significant amount of protest activity than to precede it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and this was also the case in the Arab Spring. Nevertheless, while some might play down the role of social media in the Arab Spring uprisings, others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" such as Eltantawy Wiest (2011) suggest that more research is needed in order to ascertain the true extent to which social media influenced the direction of the Arab Spring movement. In hindsight, it seems axiomatic that social media had a big part to play in the Arab Spring uprisings, and helped to maintain the momentum of the movement by continually updating the public with news of oppression and violations of human rights à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that would, under past regimes, have been cov ered up. However, it seems that it would be a mistake to suggest that social media caused the uprisings, as the protests continued in Egypt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" as mentioned even after the government pulled the plug on Internet services and 3G connections. Social media then, is merely a tool for disseminating information in a quick and efficient manner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in much the same way as leaflets and written manifestos have been in the past (although this is obviously a much slower process). Moreover, the multimedia nature of social media also allows people to instantly post photographs or videos, which can potentially be seen by millions of people à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which is an unprecedented innovation; and one that could have a big effect on world politics for many years to come. Nevertheless, while the use of social media led to many successful campaigns and the overthrowing of dictators in some countries (such as Tunisia), elsewhere, civil wars are still raging; as in Syri a. Kassim (2012) states that: In Arab countries, many activists who played crucial roles in the Arab Spring used social networking as a key tool in expressing their thoughts concerning unjust acts committed by the government (n.p.). This then, is something that seems to be fairly clear in a subjective sense. However, this sentiment is also backed up with empirical data, such as the study done by Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari Mazaid (2011), which analysed over three million tweets, gigabytes of You Tube content, and thousands of blog posts, to find that social media played a central role in shaping political debates in the Arab Spring. Thus, they note that: Conversations about revolution often preceded major events on the ground, and social media carried inspiring stories of protest across international borders (Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari Mazaid, 2011, n.p.). Indeed, this is a study that is also commented on by ODonnell (2011), who notes that in the week befor e Egyptian president Hosni Mubaraks resigned, tweets from Egypt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and around the world à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" that talk about political change in Egypt proliferated from around 2,300 per day, to around 230,000 per day. Thus: Online activists created a virtual ecology of civil society, debating contentious issues that could not be discussed in public (ODonnell, 2011, n.p.). As such, in the absence of a civil society and an elected government in places in the Middle East and North Africa, a virtual and comparable environment was created in cyberspace where political discourses could be relatively safely held. 3. Conclusions While this relatively brief discourse has shown that social media had a major role to play in the Arab Spring uprisings, it has also demonstrated that there is still a lack of consensus on the extent of its impact. Thus, while Wolfsfel, Segev Sheafer (2013) suggest that social media discussions tended to increase in volume after a major revolutionary event during the Arab Spring, Howard, Duffy, Freelon, Hussain, Mari Mazai (2011) suggests the opposite: that social media content increased before a major revolutionary event during the Arab Spring. Nevertheless, what can be said without any doubt is that social media was used during the Arab Spring to great effect, and that it had some degree of influence on its outcome. Indeed, without people posting images and videos of events in the Arab Spring, and commenting on what they saw, then the revolution may have never gained the momentum that it needed to topple the long-standing regimes that activists opposed. However, with laws being formulated in places such as the UAE that curb social media use by making it illegal to comment on and post photos and videos of people without their consent; autocratic leaders are now clearly afraid of the power of social media and the impact that it can have. [2,011 words] Bibliography Adi, M. (2014) The Usage of Social Media in the Arab Spring, Berlin: Lit Verlag. Beaumont, P. (2011) The truth about Twitter, Facebook and the uprisings in the Arab world, The Guardian [online], https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/25/twitter-facebook-uprisings-arab-libya, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Bebawi, S. Bossio, D. (2014) Social Media and the Politics of Reportage: The Arab Spring, London: Palgrave Macmillan. Briggs, D. (2011) The English Riots of 2011: A Summer of Discontent, UK: Waterside Press. Eltantawy, N. Wiest, J. B. (2011) The Arab Spring Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory,International Journal of Communication,Vol. 5, No.18, pp. 1207-1224. Gismondi, A. (2014) Occupy Wall Street: Social Media, Education, and the Occupy Movement. In: Vladlena, B. (Ed.) Cutting-Edge Technologies and Social Media Use in Higher Education, Hershey: Information Science Reference (pp. 156-173). Haas, M.L. Lesch, D.W. (2013) The Arab Spring: Change and Resistance in the Middle East, USA: Westview Press. Howard, P.N., Duffy, A., Freelon, D., Hussain, M., Mari, W. Mazaid, M. (2011) Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring? ICTlogy, https://pitpi.org/index.php/2011/09/11/opening-closed-regimes-what-was-the-role-of-social-media-during-the-arab-spring/, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Howard, P.N. Hussain, M.M. (2013)Democracys Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the Arab Spring,USA: Oxford University Press. Kassim, S. (2012) Twitter Revolution: How the Arab Spring Was Helped By Social Media, Policy Mic [online], https://mic.com/articles/10642/twitter-revolution-how-the-arab-spring-was-helped-by-social-media, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Khondker, H.H. (2011) Special Forum on the Arab Revolutions Role of the New Media in the Arab Spring, Globalizations, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 675-679. ODonnell, C. (2011) New study quantifies use of social media in Arab Spring, UW Today [online], https://www.washington.edu/news/2011/09/12/new-study-quantifies-use-of-social-media-in-arab-spring, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Tovey, J. (2015) United Arab Emirates is a dangerous place to use social media, human rights groups warn, The Sydney Morning Herald, https://www.smh.com.au/world/united-arab-emirates-is-a-dangerous-place-to-use-social-media-human-rights-groups-warn-20150713-gibjbv.html, Date accessed 16/10/2015. Wolfsfeld, G., Segev, E. Sheafer, T. (2013) Social Media and the Arab Spring Politics Comes First, The International Journal of Press/Politics, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 115-137.

Analysis Of Still I Rise By Maya Angelou - 1080 Words

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Edward Snowden There is no Online Privacy in this...

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Understanding Nestle Company approach towards †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About the Understanding Nestle Company Approach Towards? Answer: Company Profile of Nestle Nestle Australia is a vivacious subsidiary of Nestle. The company provides its Australian customers with products of high quality. The companys products are available from 1880, and in the year 1906 Australia became the second largest exporter of Nestle. The company is dedicated to sustainable growth and to their shareholder contentment. The company is known for its sincerity, reliability and equality from all the phases of its business. Nestle has been appreciated by every nook and corner of the society. The brand is recognized as the Most Respected Companies. It is also acknowledged as the Top wealth creator. History of Nestle The company was founded in the year 1867 in Switzerland. Its first product was an infant cereal to enhance infant nutrition. Ever since then the company has grown and become the largest diversified food company. The logo of Nestle is of a bird in a nest that defines Nestle products, practices, ethics and targets. Nestle has more than 250000 staff and its operations is in more than 500 factories in 100 countries. The company offers over 8000 products worldwide. It takes special care of being, transparent and showing respect for the different cultures of the different countries. It aims at developing the people, communities and nations at large. Operations of Nestle Nestl has been successful in building a relationship of trust and commitment in Australia. The companys practices have resulted in providing employment and occupation to millions of people. Nestle incessantly aims to better understand the altering lifestyle of the country and foresees customer needs to offer improved Taste, Nutrition, Health and wellness. The companys RD activities provide a distinctive advantage to the efforts. It aids in providing high quality, safe food products at economical prices. The most popular brand names which the company provides are NESCAF, MAGGI, MILKYBAR, MILO, KIT KAT, BAR-ONE, MILKMAIDandNESTEANESTL Milk,NESTL SLIM Milk,NESTL Fresh 'n' andNESTL The various Products of Nestle company: The several brands of Nestle on account of Milk Production and Nutrition include: Everyday Dairy Whitener Nan Toddler Milk Slim Milk Nevista Pro-Heart Milk Milo Sustagen Milkmaid Fruit Yoghurt Milkmaid Milkmaid Funshakes Nido The various beverage brands are shown below: Nescafe Classic Sunrise Premium Sunrise Special Cappuccino Milo Smart Plus Ready To- Drink Iced Tea With Green Tea Nestea Iced Tea The various prepared dishes and cooking aids are as below: Maggi 2 Minute Noodles Veg Noodles Rice Noodles Mania Cuppa Mania Sauces Pizza Mazza Magic Cubes Coconut Milk Powder Healthy Soups (Team, 2009). The various chocolates and confectionery items are mentioned below: Kit-Kat Kit-Kat Chunky Munch Munch Pop Choc Milkybar Milkybar Choo Bar-One Milk Chocolate Polo Eclairs Milkybar Eclairs Vision of the company Nestle products are created by dedicated personnel striving to provide the highest quality. Innovation is prioritized by the company since the inception of the company. The company continuously offers healthy and tasty products because of its largest RD facilities capabilities and nutrition science. In the rear of every Nestle product, there is a dedicated team of scientists, nutritionists and designers. The company ensures ease, health and delight to its customers by offering reliable products, systems and services that enrich the customers life. Management Its board of directors is working under the leadership of Chairman Paul Bulcke. The everyday business activities are managed by the Executive Board. The group is divided into different zones. Zone EMENA consists of Europe, Middle East and North Africa then there is America and Asia. Nestle has joint ventures with cereal partner Worldwide and Froneri. PESTLE analysis The PESTLE analysis underneath, recognizes several parameters, which have a huge impact on industry dynamics. The social forces are the most essential, as it recounts the differences in consumer behavior. Nestle being a multinational company adapts according to the several markets driven by various cultures. Political 1. Altering guidelines regarding food standards and advertising events. 2. Government steadiness in new emerging markets 3. Altering international rules homogeneous practice yet variation of different political parameters Economic 1. Responsiveness and information about altering the price rises, financial growth rates and revenue levels. 2. Altering customer funds, an increase in the cost conscious customer. 3. Increasing worth of raw material goods with respect to the requirement of source from sustainable suppliers Social 1. Varying customer approach shift on the way to better products in line with government schemes supporting balanced diets and propagating the hazards of sweet diet 2. Altering way of life revisiting to traditional cooking and the endorsement of family time in a lifestyle of ease. 3. The necessity to become accustomed to the diverse cultural surroundings like language, spiritual converging viewpoint and family situations. 4. To being considerate of consumer behavior and make sure in having a personal approach to marketing. 5. Customers seeing the company as a group for authority in the wider external environment. Technological 1. Increase of social media, customers interrelating with other companies and doing this on several different platforms. 2. Modernization enhanced by technical growth. 3. E-commerce as a podium for advancement. Legal 1. Altering nature of law 2. Requirement of confirming to international rules and alterations in various international markets Environmental 1. Amplified consideration headed towards corporate social responsibility 2. Environmental apprehensions from customers together with apprehension for packaging/recycling Research Methodology For this research analysis the methodologies adopted is the in depth study and analysis of the topic and gathering information from various sources like Google scholar, website, journals etc. The study is prepared by analyzing all this information available. An analysis is conducted on how the nestle company copes with its change strategies. The source of information is also newspaper and magazine articles published and by analyzing various researches and blogs written by experts. The method of research is qualitative and information is presented in qualitative terms only Kurt Lewin Change Management Model Kurt Lewin was from Germany and shifted to America in 1930 and was known as the founder of Social Psychology and highlighted the interest in the human aspect of change. His interest led to change in people, which was divided into three stages. Unfreeze- This is the important stage, which makes an organization to get ready for change. It involves getting ready and come out of the comfort zone to change. It involves feeling motivated and need to change is necessary. Transition Changing process is called the phase of transition. People are unfrozen and move towards the journey of change. This is a difficult time as people are learning a new process and techniques to learn new concepts. People need support, training and mentoring at this stage. Freezing People have changed now and the new norms have become part of their working. People have accepted change and it has become norms in part of their life (Connelly, 2016). Nestle implemented this model when they first tried to move towards Globalization. Firstly, it unfreezes its operation in 1874 and guided its employees that they need change for expansion of the Company. Nestle started purchasing local subsidiary in foreign market. As the demand of dairy product increased, they took this opportunity as positive. Transition People were guided about the policies of foreign market, how to export and prepare relevant documents for the process. Freezing was done and people were made habitual of these habits and realize that Nestle is a global brand. Another Example of change management in Nestle occurred, when they diversified their operations in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It faced a lot of criticism and resistance of this change from employees and activist groups. Again, Nestle unfreezes its operation and explained their employees about need to change. The transition was done to explain and guide employees to make the best product after experimentat ion by RD Department. Slowly, Freezing stage came when Nestle has become a product by WHO and has been treated as a substitute for breast milk for infants (Nestle, 2017). John Kotters Change Model John Kotter also suggests a model in change management, which has 8 steps. These steps include firstly, create a sense of urgency for change, this is done by helping others see the change as bold, inspirational move and communicate to others immediately. Secondly, build a coalition; this is done by making a strong union and a group of people who can drive change. The leader with his teams, guides and motivates people to change. Thirdly, make a strategic vision and take initiatives for change; it is important to guide people how their future will be changed by these initiatives. Fourthly, prepare a volunteer army, where large scale changes are implemented with massive people having common objectives. Fifthly, removing barriers like inefficient processes and unwanted hierarchies are important to process change. Sixth point is to celebrate and generate short term wins to energize and motivate people. Seventhly, accelerate change and improve systems until the vision is achieved. Lastly, institute change, try to make change a part of the norms and habits, initiatives are taken to make change strong enough so that it can change old habits. When Nestle first wanted to digitize their operation in early 1990s, it was difficult for them to convince its employees and staff to become paperless. They wanted to digitize their operations after the invention of the computer. People resisted for this change. With the help of this 8 step model, changes were implemented in the form of creating urgency that how computers are required for their daily operations. Teams of experts were build who trained and guided everyone. A strategic vision was made that how this change will make their work easier. Changes were implemented through massive people uniting together. Slowly, people were trained and their performance was tracked and celebrated. Today, Nestle is the leader in innovating digital ideas. They have spread IT towards their customers and has invented Nescafe Milano Laoung which serves hot and cold beverages to its employees with the help of system technology (International, 2017). Organization Development This is the field of research applied to expand the knowledge and skills of people to achieve success in organization change movement. Strategies of organizational developments are divided among four steps: Firstly, Diagnosing a problem that is coming in the way and affect the performance of the organization. An OD specialist analysis mission, goals, policies and desired result to see the need for change and it is done in the form of surveys or interviewing employees. Secondly, strategic planning and intervention are being made to solve the diagnosed problem. The organization engages itself towards action planning process and strategies to lead the change. Thirdly, Interventions and steps are being made to monitor progress and cultivate commitment. Lastly, planned change is assessed by documenting the impact and tracking progress. OD is a process for continuation of these steps to solve problems and manage the future (BrainMass Team, 2017). Nestle faced the problem of unexpected demand by customers; this was accompanied by bad weather and natural disaster. There was an inaccuracy in calculation of stock and inventory. Interventions were made by making strategies to build relationships with other suppliers. Dealer Management system software was built for managing inventory, sales, tools and integration. This helped to maintain good relation with dealers and managers. People were motivated to get familiar with this software and the performance was seen in the form of good relationship between dealers and managers (Arif, 2012). Apart from this, Nestle also started interventions to promote nutritional health of children. After thorough research, Nestle discovered that how low protein formulas in non breast children can improve the health of low birth weight babies. In the long run, this formula is good for their overall well being. This intervention has drastically increased sales of powder milk for infants and is recommended by Doctors after breast milk. Total Quality Management (TQM) Quality Management is an important tool for managing change. TQM consists of three component control, quality assurance and quality improvement. TQM is done to make sure that the organization is fulfilling the quality of the product and change is implemented wherever required. Total Quality Management of changing the whole organization based on customer oriented quality by producing customer products based on customers needs. The output will be high in quality and meets the expectation of the customer. The processes include from managing and improving and shifting the motive from what to do to how to make the process better. At Nestle group, they give importance to quality. Over ten million people enjoy their products every day. It is a business which runs globally, so it has to take care of each cultures taste and is biased as per country and particular region. This is why Nestle takes care of the safety and quality of each product. Nestle has attained a world class image in terms of Quality Management System. Nestle respects each Cultures law and regulations and implements high quality total quality management system in its each process of manufacturing i.e. From raw material to production of the final product. Another example is Nestles Maggie debacle in India, which hampered their revenues. Food, Safety and Drug administration found the MSG essence of lead in their product, so Maggie came back to regain the confidence of people with launching a new improved product. Maggie cooperated with the authorities and gave all tests for their product. Tests were submitted from almost 600 batches for independen t analysis (Rathnayake, 2015). They improved their product by applying TQM and convinced people that it is safe to eat. Although, their revenues have declined, but Nestle is working hard to regain the confidence of their customers. Learning Organization A learning organization in the organization is a term given to businesses who facilitates learning and continuously works for the transformation of its processes. This concept was derived by Peter Senge as he researched and worked with his fellow members. Learning Organizations are a result of conditions faced by modern organizations and helps them to remain competitive in the market (HPO Center, 2017). Nestle is working to make itself committed towards employees by providing them excellent career opportunities. Employees are given good opportunities to grow in their careers and take benefits of competitive packages in this working environment. People are motivated to work hard to achieve their best potential at work. In learning Organization such as Nestle, opportunities are endless and their motive is to develop leadership qualities in each employee so that they take full responsibility of their work. Hence, Nestle provides many ways to do the same. Global Assignments at Nestle helps employees to gain overseas exposure and groom themselves to a perfect candidate. Apart from this, learning organizations like Nestle thinks of the solution to a problem rather than cribbing or getting upset with the hard situation which arises in daily routine and activities. Employees are being trained and groomed to follow these processes effectively (Boselie, 2008). Social Process Prospective of Managing Change Cultural Aspect: - It is important to review cultural aspects of a region while become global. All multinational companies are expanding their products and become huge in sizes economically. While expanding the operations overseas, it is important to change the product as per the countrys culture and taste. Each country has their own social class, per capita income, tastes and rituals. Companies have to change their marketing strategy as per the requirements of the country to get success. Companies who change their product as per the requirements of the host country are expected to grow faster and gain maximum benefits from that country (Bohari, 2013). Nestle also took care of cultural aspects while to become global. Their motive is that customers are first and their attitude is never to say No and go for a Can do behavior. To meet the customer requirements in Japan, Nestle changed their Nescafes product and its recipe. It was changed from Instant Coffee, to Regular Coffee Nestle also became the brand ambassador of Barista. This was done to facilitate their exposure in offices where tea and coffee is served less due to limited budgets. The customers can buy the coffee or refill Nescafe (Kurisaki, 2015). Nestle also takes care of cross cultural communication as it is link to connect with the parent company. As business is becoming globalized, it is important to maintain cross cultural communication. Nestle interacts with other countries office through written notes so that all instructions are written properly avoiding any loopholes (Magazine, 2012). On the basis of this written communication, subsidiaries will be changed as per cultural requirements. Example: In Japan, when two business people meet each other it is important for them to share Meishi business cards with each other. Hence, almost 10-12 million cards of 2 to 3 inches are exchanged everyday in Japan. Their culture is to bow each other with respect and exchange greetings with business cards (Boonstra, 2012). Psychological prospective Organizations have to look after the psychological aspects also while managing change. There is resistance to change and accept new product when a company is providing improved product. It is the responsibility of the company to motivate both of their internal and external employees to support change. In Hokkaido, the market was tested and analyzed. It was found that the population is shrinking their and maximum people are elderly. As, for this elderly market Nestle Wellness Club was built with a small membership fee and they were advised to check with a doctor and dietician. Nestle continuously works and studies the different cultural aspects of the country. They make their strategies as per the requirements of the country. In India, Nestle supports WHO and encourages mothers to go for breast feeding. This strategy is not for short benefits, but for long term benefits. As motherhood is a special feeling in India and keeping in mind its emotional aspects, they support mothers who cannot breast feed and can give Nestls milk product to their infants (Jost, 2015). The logo of the Company comprises of the nest with a mother bird protecting her young ones. This represents that Nestle cares and inspires to provide nutrition to its internal and external stakeholders. This emotional pict ure depicts care, security, nourishment and a sense of family that is vital in life. Conclusion The company Nestle first product was an infant cereal to enhance infant nutrition. Ever since then the company has grown and became the largest diversified food company, all thanks to its adoption in different cultures and applying the change techniques from time to time. The company continuously offers healthy and tasty products because of its largest RD facilities capabilities and nutrition science. Nestle implemented a change model of Kurt Levin when they purchased local subsidiary in foreign market and when the demand picked up the company guided the employees about the policies of the foreign market. The next model that is discussed is the John Kotters Change Model which showed its success as by applying this change model to digitize the companys operations. A strategic vision was made that how this change will make their work easier. Changes were implemented through massive people uniting together. Slowly, people were trained and their performance was tracked and celebrated. Th e success of this change model can be known from the fact that the company today is a leader in innovating digital ideas. Organizational development too helped the company by making its people motivated to get familiar with this software and the performance was seen in the form of good relationship between dealers and managers as discussed in the study. From its TQM activities, it can be concluded that Nestle respects each Cultures law and regulations and implements high quality total quality management system in its each process of manufacturing i.e. from raw material to production of the final product. Nestle is a perfect example of the learning organization as employees are given good opportunities to grow in their careers and take benefits of competitive packages in this working environment. People are motivated to work hard to achieve their best potential at work. In the context of social process perspective of managing change there are two aspects cultural and Physiological pe rspective, Nestle in the case of cultural perspective takes care of cross cultural communication as it is link to connect with the parent company and in case of Physiological perspective, Nestle continuously works and studies the different cultural aspects of the country. They make their strategies as per the requirements of the country. There is always a resistance to change while accept ting new product when a company is providing improved product. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the company to motivate both of their internal and external employees to support change. And all the above mentioned change theories have proved to be successful. Recommendations Nestle has faced a lot of changes in its internal and external environment. It has successfully managed and handles changing situations. However, the below points will help them additionally to manage change successfully. Engaging Employees: - It is important to listen to employees carefully. This will not only give advice to an organization, but will also help to understand about the feedback of the employees. Keeping employees in the loop and making them important is vital for organizational change. Feedback is important at each step of change, asking them about is the change working, how is it making the situation better will help them keeping engaged into the process of change. This feedback can be read and utilized for any alterations if required and will also make employees feel that they are important. All employees are different and each needs to be taken care by the Manager during the changing process (HR Management, 2016). Implement Changes in Steps: - The change should be implemented in different stages. The change should be planned and implemented in various stages. Management should support the changing process and make sure everything moves according to the plan (Marker, 2011). Communication: - Communication is the key in change management. Employers needs to address and tell each and everything about change implemented. Using a mix of formal and informal communication, all change related news should be communicated in one or other form. All communication sources like emails, meetings, messages, intranet, should be used to deliver the messages wherever required. Using different mediums will help to communicate change for achieving its goals and objectives (Lawrence, 1969). References Arif. (2012, December 05). Management Of Change : A study of problem and Challenges in Nestle. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/arif587/management-of-change-a-study-of-problem-and-challenges-in-nestle Bohari, M. (2013). Cross Cultural Management in Nestl. Retrieved from https://epygas.over-blog.com/cross-cultural-management-in-nestle.html Boonstra, J. (2012). Conclusions of Perspectives on Cultural Change . Retrieved from https://www.jaapboonstra.nl/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Boonstra-Cultural-change-and-leadership-Concluding-chapter-Perspectives-on-cultures.pdf Boselie, P. (2008). Strategic human resource Management: A Balanced Approach. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=D7-b2XTr_V4Cdq=high+performance+work+organization+nestlesource=gbs_navlinks_s BrainMass Team. (2017). Nestle Case Study for Changing Nestle. Retrieved from https://brainmass.com/business/business-management/nestle-case-study-changing-nestle-448385 Connelly, M. (2016, November 15). The Kurt Lewin Change Management Model. Retrieved from https://www.change-management-coach.com/kurt_lewin.html HPO Center. (2017). The high performance organizational framework. Retrieved from https://www.hpocenter.com/hpo-framework/ HR Management. (2016, June 29). Overcoming Employee Resistance to Change in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://www.paycor.com/resource-center/change-management-in-the-workplace-why-do-employees-resist-it International, K. (2017). Kotter 8- step process. Retrieved from https://www.kotterinternational.com/8-steps-process-for-leading-change/ Jost, J. (2015). Resistance to change: A social psychological perspective. Social research, 82(3), 607-620. Retrieved from https://psych.nyu.edu/jost/Resistance%20to%20Change_A%20Social%20Psychological%20Perspective.pdf Kurisaki, Y. (2015, March 23). Keys to success in cross-cultural marketing Nestl in Asia, Oceania and Africa. Retrieved from https://en.geneva-kurisaki.net/2015/03/29/keys-to-success-in-cross-cultural-marketing-nestle-in-asia-oceania-and-africa/ Lawrence, P. (1969). How to Deal With Resistance to Change. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/1969/01/how-to-deal-with-resistance-to-change Magazine, T. F. (2012, February). The Cultural Perspective and Societal Change. Retrieved from https://www.fountainmagazine.com/Issue/detail/The-Cultural-Perspective-and-Societal-Change Marker, A. (2011). 10 Strategies You Can Use to Overcome Resistance to Change. Boise State University. Retrieved from https://opwl.boisestate.edu/wp-content/uploads/news-A_Marker_Handling_Resistance_to_Change_v4b.pdf Nestle. (2017). Frozen foods to pharmaceuticals. Retrieved from https://www.nestle.com: https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/1960-1980 Rathnayake, K. (2015, November 02). Application of Total Quality Management at Nestle. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/j3v1dkjlxprc/application-of-total-quality-management-at-nestle/ Team, N. I. (2009). Nestle: official website. Retrieved from https://companies-profiles.blogspot.in/2009/08/nestle-india.html.

Online School Portal Essay Example

Online School Portal Essay ASP. NET PROJECT DOCUMENTATION QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ONLINE STUDENT PORTAL FOR QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY DEVELOPERS Argete, Elma R. Chenilla, Jomar P. Duran, Mel Jane A. Junio, Jeno I. Osorio, Shekinah Roebec M. Tabotabo, Robin James A. Table of Contents Page 1 INTRODUCTION1 1. 1Background of the Company2 1. 2Rationale3 1. 3General Objectives3 2SCOPE OF THEPROJECT4 2. 1Website Design and Development4 2. 2Information System6 2. 3Maintenance, Repair, and Operations7 2. 4Documentation8 3TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS8 3. 1System Architecture8 3. Application Features and Capabilities9 4FINANCIAL ASPECT9 ANNEX A10 ANNEX B11 1 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, we are living in a fast paced world where everything is done instantly; from computing of single datum to complex calculations that human mind can imagine. The turn of the century can be marked as a revolution of information. The switch from manual to computerized recording and distribution o f records and information has led to a significant increase in public knowledge. Many institutions and organizations benefit greatly from this information which needed to be stored processed and distributed. A very good example of institution that needs to handle vast amount of information are the school universities. An online student portal is one of the essential parts of a school. As technology evolves alongside, the information revolution, the power of computer makes it easy to distribute and view information needed with just a few clicks. Quezon City Polytechnic University handles a lot of students, since it increases annually, the dissemination of information can be very hard. Handling large amount of information can be managed with the use of a computerized system. We, the proponents, decided to propose an Online Student Portal for Quezon City Polytechnic University. This system will help the school to get-in-touch with their students and also increase the enrollment for the coming years because the school profile can be easily promoted via internet. 1. 1 Background of the Company Quezon City Polytechnic University (QCPU) is a Local university founded by Quezon City government. QCPU was established on March 1, 1994 and formerly known as the Quezon City Polytechnic. The Quezon City Polytechnic came into existence on March 1, 1994  by virtue of the City Council Ordinance No. We will write a custom essay sample on Online School Portal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Online School Portal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Online School Portal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer SP-171 an institution to primarily undertake the training and development of qualified technicians and skilled workers. The Three-Year Technician Curriculum was introduced in the SY 1994-1995 designed to develop highly competent technicians for industry in the areas of Automotive Technology, Electrical Technology, Welding Technology, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Technology, and Fashion Technology. Added to the Three-Year Curriculum in the school year that followed were Electronics Technology, Mechanical Technology or Machine Shop, Computer Technology and an industry-led pilot course in Boiler Technology. The QCP established its reputation among local government units as a show window and model technology-based institution paving the way for its recognition of the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and developing a strong alliance with the Korea-Philippines Information Technology Center (KorPhil). KorPhil is a premier ICT training center in the Asia-Pacific region, powered by state-of-the-art Korean technology complemented by Filipino ingenuity. It was facilitated by a $4. million grant from Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) to the Philippines Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). This center was officially inaugurated by His Excellency President ROH MOO HYUN of the Republic of Korea and Her Excellency President GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO of the Republic of the Philippines on December 16, 2005 during the incumbency of Hon. Secretary AUGUSTO BOY SYJUCO, Tesda Director General and Hon. FELICIANO R. BELMONTE JR. , Mayor of Quezo n City. In 2001, Ordinance SP – 1030 created a charter for the establishment of  Quezon City  Polytechnic  University. QCPU started its operation by offering one (1) year programs and short term courses. By the year 2005, QCPU started offering college degree courses. Right now, QCPU prides itself in providing employment to its graduates and serves as a tool for national development, particularly in Quezon City. At present, under the leadership of Mayor Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. , starting SY 2005, meaningful access to higher education is now possible with a ladderized concept of pursuing higher education. The idea is that every person should have the opportunity for education and training commensurate to his abilities. 1. 2 Rationale The development of this study is done for the Quezon City Polytechnic University to have a student portal that will enable students access various information regarding school activities, announcements and even have their own account with the use of a website. 1. 3 General Objectives The study aims to provide an on-line student portal for QCPU in helping them to access their school information anytime with the use of internet. Specific Objectives To let the student view study-related information, allowing them to update their personal details online to ensure they won’t miss any important University correspondence. * To be able to access Student Portal from any computer within the University or off-campus at any time with an internet connection. * To store and retrieve data of the student. * To integrate information into a systematic way of browsin g the schools updates of events using World Wide Web. * To develop portals in online scheme to link the students and the university departments regarding with the enrollment process. SCOPE OF THEPROJECT 2. 4 Website Design and Development Using the Student Portal, the service provider will make available the following during the development of the website: * The system provides log-in and log-out for security purposes. * Covers information of the students including their exams results, grades, schedules, and their school profiles. * Provides posting of announcement to update every student about school events, activities and programs. Specifically, it will provide facility on the following sections: Main Page Home: is the main page of a website which gives detailed information of the company, it also provides links to its other parts. * Latest News: This section they post the latest news about the school. School Profile Section * These sections have a sub link which includes the comp any information, company hymn, department and offices, mission, vision, core values, university officials, and student council. Academics Section * These sections have a sub link which includes the Bachelor degrees, 5 months programs, admissions, technical and vocational studies, 2 months programs, and entrance exam results. Students Section * Have a sub links which includes the organizations, publications, enrollment dates, and SIS. SIS Modules Section * Have a sub link named student. QCPU Campuses Section * In these sections you’ll see the pictures of every campus. 2. 5 Information System Information system is any written electronic or graphical method of communicating information. The basis of information system is the sharing and processing of information and ideas. Computer and telecommunication technologies have become essential information system components. Information systems are combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create and distribute useful data, information and knowledge, typically in organizational settings. Organization use information system for a variety of reasons: to gain competitive advantage, reach more customers, or improve services. Most modern business depends heavily on information system, from employee e-mail to database management to e-commerce websites. Some IT folks work behind the scenes to make sure that all the information systems being taken for granted run smoothly. Others help design these information systems according to an organization’s needs. And still others make sure that this information to the user in a clear, useful, and dynamic way. 2. 6 Maintenance, Repair, and Operations Supplies consumed in the production process but which do not either become part of the end product or are not central to the firm’s output. MRO items include consumables (such as cleaning, laboratory, or office supplies), industrial equipment (such as compressors, pump valves) and plant upkeep (such as gaskets, lubricants, repair tools), and computers, fixtures, furniture, etc. MRO items are used in production and maintenance and can be items such as maintenance supplies, spare parts, and consumables used in the production process. These items can be either valuated or non-valuated and depending on the value of the items no physical in inventory performed. MRO in business context, it is a catch-all term for the sourcing and procurement of miscellaneous, such as spare parts, stationery and ink cartridges. Maintenance, Repair and Operation work keeps a business run smoothly. A computer manufacturing business, for example, could not function without ready supply spare components for faulty or broken machines. . 7 Documentation Documentation is the usually printed instructions, comments, and information for using a particular piece or system of computer software or hardware. It is the materials that provides official information or evidences that serves as a records. Documentation is the written specifications and instructions accompanying a product, especially a computer program or hardware. Documentation is now often built directly into the product as part of the users interface and in help pages. 2 TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS 3. 8 System Architecture ) Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) which specifically uses Structured Query Language (SQL) to access and manipulate the databases for rapid generation of exception and on-demand reports and development or other query programs. b) Client/Server Architecture where application subsystems integrate with the workflow and information are easily accessed and retrieved through the LAN 3. 9 Application Features and Capabilities The applications have the following features and capabilities: A) The application is fully developed, running, customizable, and have the following features: i) Secured Login. The system will authorized users of the application to log in with their student number and password in order to enter the portal. Without the right combination of these two login requirements, any unauthorized access of the portal will be impossible. ii) Access Rights. This involves the granting of rights of access to the system or command of the application of authorized users by the designated System Administrator. The system also limits or widens the admission of specific users to specific activities or transactions without the assistance of the designated computer programmer. FINANCIAL ASPECT ANNEX A ESTIMATED PROJECT COST ASSUMPTIONS Requirement| No. of Unit| Unit Cost| Total Cost| Application Systems-Web Development-Information System| | | | Maintenance Cost| | | | Documentation and User Training| | | | Total Cost| | | | ANNEX B GANTT CHART Activity| Month 1| Month 2| Month 3| Month 4| Website Design and Development| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Information System| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Maintenance, Repair and Operation| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Documentation| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Spain and Portugals Domination of Slavery essays

Spain and Portugal's Domination of Slavery essays The history of the European continent has been a turbulent one, and the period following the Dark Middle Ages is no exception. However, at the end of the 15th century, Europe would slowly regain its prosperity and development. Consequently, there would be a great desire for discoveries and territorial expansions. The geographical conquests lead to the establishment of the first colonial empires, Portugal and Spain. Despite their eventual demise, their colonial practices will give birth to slave trade which will become common practice throughout the next centuries and will deeply impact the social and economic realities of the time. The end of Hundred Years War, the reestablishment of the monarchic order, the reunification of the Spanish monarchy eventually leads to a certain political stability. 1 This offers the possibility to states on the Atlantic shores to take advantage of their geographical position and encourage, both politically and financially the exploration of new territories beyond the limits imposed by science. Thus, the improvements in navigation techniques offered the practical methods to encourage the expeditions. Consequently, the Portuguese Henry the Navigator manages to convince his leader of the importance expeditions out in the sea can have for the growth of the young state2 Encouraged by the success of the Portuguese navigator, his fellow countrymen discover parts of Africa to Gabon and Angola by the end of the 15th century. His evolution is rather important for the future development of the Portuguese colonial empire because the African territories would represent the first source of sl ave labor available to the Europeans. The other major colonial power was the Spanish state which sponsored Christopher Columbuss expedition during which he discovered the American continent. An important role was played by Isabella de Castilla who financed his try and later on, through the Invincible...

For one destination of your choice, justify and design a new heritage Essay

For one destination of your choice, justify and design a new heritage trail - Essay Example This island encompasses a strong cultural heritage and even there is existence of island identity. Heritage tourism faces a major challenge in the form of preserving resources efficiently which is utilized during building such heritage sites. Sustainable development can be considered as a central component when it comes to developing attractive tourist location. Gozo has its existence from 5000 BC. Farmers founded this island when they were travelling from Sicily. Gozo became one of the most important places in terms of cultural revolution. Ä  gantija temples were developed during Neolithic period. These temples are presently regarded as the oldest free-standing sculptures. Gozo Island spans over 67 square kilometres. This location is famed for its wide array of interesting locations and characteristics. Apart from Ä  gantija temples there is another famous man-made structure at Gozo known as Calypso Cave (Veal, 2002). There are two famous beaches at Gozo which plays a significant role to attract large base of customers. They are Ramla Bay and San Blas. This island’s population is closely knitted to their traditional culture. It comprises of various heritage sites such as archaeological sites, chapels, museums, fortifications, churches, etc. These sites are responsible for adding cultural, natural and historical value to Gozo Islan d. Some of the heritage sites at Gozo are shown in Appendix1. ecoGozo vision is a new agenda which has been framed by the government in order to safeguard heritage and culture of this destination. Efforts are been made to conserve these heritage sites and enhance their accessibility to public. Two heritage trails have been developed at Gozo in recent years. One such trail was built at cliff sides of Munxar and Xlendi, whereas another was formed at Santa Lucija’s countryside (Island of Gozo, 2014). Both these heritage trails expand over 7.5 km. They go along countryside